Multiple pathogenetic hypotheses have emerged. Among the better-informed are involving a toxic, so far unknown factor, and genetic factors.
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| Parkinsons Causes - What Causes Parkinsons Disease |
No matter what the cause last, various processes probably involved in the production of neuronal damage are referred to. Including the formation of free radicals. These are unstable compounds because they lack an electron. In an attempt to replace the electron missing, free radicals react with surrounding molecules (especially metals such as iron), in a process called oxidation. It is considered that oxidation causes damage to tissues, including nerve cells. Normally, antioxidants, chemicals that protect cells from damage, keep under control the damage caused by free radicals. The evidence that oxidative mechanisms can cause or contribute to Parkinson's disease include the finding that patients with the disease have elevated levels of iron in the brain, especially in the gray matter, and decreasing levels of ferritin, which serves as a protective mechanism surrounding or forming a circle around the iron and isolating it.
Other scientists have suggested that Parkinson's disease may occur when an external or internal toxin selectively destroys the dopaminergic neurons. A factor of environmental risks such as exposure to pesticides, or a toxin in the food supply, is an example of the kind of external trigger that could, hypothetically, cause Parkinson's disease. The theory has among its supports the fact that some toxins, such as tetrahidropiridina (MPTP) induce symptoms similar to those of the disease of Parkinson's as well as injury to neurons in the gray matter in humans and animals. However, to date, no research has provided definitive proof that a toxin is the cause of the disease.
A relatively new theory explores the role of genetic factors in the development of Parkinson's disease. A 15 to 25 percent of Parkinson's patients have a close relative who has experienced symptoms of Parkinson's.
After that animal studies showed that MPTP interferes with the functioning of the mitochondria within the nerve cells, researchers were interested in the possibility that the deterioration in the DNA of mitochondria can be the cause of Parkinson's disease. The mitochondria are essential organelles that are found in all animal cells that convert food energy in fuel cells.
Finally, another theory proposes that Parkinson's disease occurs when, for unknown reasons, the wear and tear of normal, age-related dopamine-producing neurons, is accelerated in certain people. This theory is based on the knowledge that the loss of antioxidative protective mechanisms is associated with Parkinson's disease and aging.
Many researchers believe that a combination of these four mechanisms - oxidative damage, environmental toxins, genetic predisposition and accelerated ageing - will finally identify as causes of this disease.
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