What is parkinsons disease

 parkinsons disease - Discovered by James Parkinson and named after him by the French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot during his studies between 1868-1881 of the disease of Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease also known as PD is described as a brain disorder not fatal neurodegenerative central nervous system that affects the movement of the body due to a lack of dopamine in the brain.

Whenever we see something we like, a meeting of an addiction, or we are doing something that we love, our brain produces a chemical hormone called dopamine that is created in a particular area of the brain's basal ganglia located in the region of the midbrain and the substance is called nigra. Dopamine is an important chemical or neurotransmitter that helps the movement of the body to be more coordinated and smooth and transmits signals between neurons at the synapse. When 60-80% of the dopamine-producing cells are damaged and stops producing enough dopamine, this causes the imbalance between dopamine and acetylcholine, causing so, the visible symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is also leading the development of Lewy bodies in the nerve cells that cause dementia with Lewy bodies and the obstruction of communication between cells. Parkinson's disease commonly affects older people, the majority of the cases around the age of 50. While Parkinson's disease is not fatal, it is progressive, which means, that gets worse over time.

What is parkinsons disease

The earliest symptoms of PD are tremor or shaking of the hands while resting and usually begins at the start of a new activity, such as getting up and walking. The real cause of Parkinson's disease so far is unknown, but most experts believe that it may be linked to genetic and environmental factors.

Major visible symptoms of Parkinson's disease:

• Trembling or shaking of the hands of other members, while in the rest
• The rigidity and increased tone in the muscle of the body
• Slowed body movement (bradykinesia)
• Difficulties in maintaining balance.

There is a cure for Parkinson's disease at this time, but there are several treatments and medications approved by the FDA to help control the symptoms that can help to maintain a good quality of life, such as deep brain Stimulator procedure (DBS), which helps treat variety of deactivation of neurological symptoms, but this treatment is usually used as a last resort When the motor symptoms become too unstable and regular medication is not working. Levodopa and dopamine agonists are drugs that can be taken to relieve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Levodopa is a drug that the brain turns it into Dopamine and is a drug that has been used for more than 30 years. The problem with levodopa medication is that the body becomes immune to the effects of medication and soon, which can produce symptoms of side effects such as dyskinesia, which is involuntary twisting movement.

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Walking can improve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease - People with Parkinson's disease between slight and moderate walking regularly for exercise can get improvements in their motor function, mood, fatigue, fitness, and some aspects of thinking skills, concludes a study published in the Online Edition on Wednesday of "Neurology", the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.

"The results of our study suggest that walking can provide a secure and easily accessible way to improve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease and quality of life of patients," says the author of the study, Ergun and. Uc, of the University of Iowa and the medical center of Veterans Affairs of Iowa, in the United States.

Walking can improve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease

The study involved 60 people who walks at a moderate intensity sessions wearing heart rate monitors three times a week for 45 minutes per session over six months. Tests to measure their motor function, aerobic capacity, were also les mood, fatigue and memory and cognitive abilities.

The average walking speed was around 2.9 kilometers per hour and the participants were doing exercise to 47 percent of their heart rate reserve, which complies with the definition of moderate intensity aerobic exercise.

The authors found that brisk-walking improves motor function and mood by 15 percent, an improvement of the control of attention/response of 14 percent, a reduction in fatigue of 11 per cent and an increase in fitness and aerobic speed of the March by 7 percent. In motor function test, participants improved by an average of 2.8 points, what is considered a clinically important difference.

«People with Parkinson's disease and mild to moderate dementia have and are able to walk independently without a cane or Walker can continue safely recommended exercise guidelines for healthy adults, including 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity», says Uc, adding that these findings need to be confirmed in a randomized study with a control group.


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Vascular Parkinsonism - Vascular Parkinsonism Treatment Prognosis

Vascular Parkinsonism - The term Parkinsonism vascular (PV) is one of the most controversial of the Neurology and since its introduction at the beginning of the 20th century (Critchley 1929) has led to an intense debate about his suitability, proliferating the use of alternative terms and by slightly varying the concept to which it referred.
Currently, the vascular Parkinsonism term encompasses a heterogeneous set of clinical syndromes in which the predominant symptom is Parkinsonism (or a similar clinical picture but that it does not meet the necessary criteria: "pseudoparkinsonismo"), with brain ischemic lesions of different types shown by means of neuroimaging, without being suggestive findings of other degenerative causes of parkinsonism.

Vascular Parkinsonism - Vascular Parkinsonism Treatment Prognosis

Although there is no doubt that cerebrovascular disease can play elements of Parkinsonism, the PV concept is not yet clearly defined and both its diagnosis and its clinical spectrum remain even without specifying.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Because of clinical heterogeneity and the absence of a universally accepted diagnostic criteria, it is very difficult to determine accurately the epidemiological disease characteristics, although it is believed that cerebrovascular disease would only be responsible for a small proportion of cases of parkinsonism. Due to the aforementioned problems, the figures are very variable in a few studies to others, but would be located between 2.5 - 12% of all parkinsonisms (EP).
In an epidemiological study conducted in Spain en mayores de 65 Años, the vascular cause is estimated to be responsible for 2.5% of the cases (Benito-Leon et al 2003).

TREATMENT

Because of that the term PV encompasses different clinical syndromes with different mechanisms physiopathological is very difficult to make general recommendations for treatment.
Treatment with levodopa has shown highly variable response figures in different studies but always very inferior to the response in patients with PD. Patients presenting a deficit presynaptic dopaminergic evidenced by SPECT and corresponding with ischemic lesions in RM, simulating the pathological mechanism of PD, could theoretically have a response to the administration of levodopa (Kalra et al 2010).


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Parkinsons Medications.




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Parkinsons Medications - Medications For Parkinson

Parkinsons Medications -  According to the researchers, currently Parkinson's disease only can be controlled. Treatments that are known can alleviate most symptoms, although they do not eliminate the cause. The possibility of control, along with acceptance and adaptation to the disease by the patient, would mean that most of the people who suffer, can bring an independent and active life.

In the early stage of the evolution of Parkinson's drug treatment is not required, but it is necessary to discuss with the specialist nature disorder and the availability of medical treatment to be used when needed.

Parkinsons Medications - Medications For Parkinson

A surgical measure is the Thalamotomy, a technique that destroys overactive nerve cells causing the tremors, affecting speech, weakness or numbness. This technique is still under evaluation.

Useful medicines in the treatment of this condition, include Levodopa, whose action is to replace the dopamine deficit decreasing the main features of parkinsonism. This drug softens the effects neuro-psychiatric arising, such as dementia, depression, hallucinations and psychosis, but none has managed to dominate the disease or stop it.

Levodopa is less effective in the tremor and alterations of posture control. With the passage of time, some patients have experienced regressions in the obtained initial improvement. Common adverse effects of this substance are nausea, vomiting, and hypotension (low blood pressure), but they also tend to present cardiac arrhythmias.

Insomnia, confusion, and other changes in behavior may occur a bit later becoming more frequent over time. Mexican doctors have developed an electrical device which allows the decrease of body tremor in Parkinson patients.

Another technique used to suppress tremors of patients with Parkinson's disease, is to electrodes implanted in the brain and whose name is the technique of stimulation deep in the brain, which involves implanting a cable in the area of the thalamus, which acts as a broadcaster of sensory information.

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Parkinsons Facts.  





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Parkinsons Facts - The Facts Of Parkinson

Parkinsons Facts - These are several facts about parkinson.

1. it is a deadly disease

Today no one dies of Parkinson's, despite being a disease

neurodegenerative which has no cure. The hope life is practically

same as the national average.

2. it is contagious

There is no risk of contagion since it's a degenerative disorder

that occurs in a part of the brain called the central nervous system.

Parkinsons Facts - The Facts Of Parkinson

3. affects only older people

While most of the 150,000 people who suffer from Parkinson's in

our country and 11,000 in the community of Madrid, are older than 65 years, 2 of

each 10 have less than 50 years.

4. a person who trembles, is a person with Parkinson's disease

Despite being one of the characteristic symptoms, not all people with

Parkinson tremble, and not all people who tremble suffer from Parkinson's, already

for each patient with Parkinson's that trembles, there is 4 which is another type of

tremor, like essential tremor, associated with aging.

5. it is similar to Alzheimer's disease

Despite being incurable neurodegenerative, Alzheimer's disease

It produces memory loss and disorientation, while parkinson. merma

the ability to move.

6. there is nothing that can be

With proper medication and regularly attending therapies of

complementary rehabilitation, a person with Parkinson's disease can slow down the pace

and the intensity of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, thus improving their quality of life.

7. causes dementia

Only a small minority of patients with advanced Parkinson's or any

"Parkinsonism" type will develop this cognitive impairment.

8. people with Parkinson's do not listen

They do not suffer from deafness, just slow in his movements and, therefore, take

more time on talk and respond. This problem, together with the facial blankness

caused by rigidity, they have communication problems.

9. they will end up in a wheelchair

About 20 percent of people with Parkinson's disease come to suffer a

constant degree of engine damage so severe that they need help doing

any activity, dependent on others and passed the greater part of the

time in a Chair or bed.

10. do not have braces

In addition to family support and the immediate environment, associations of

patients provide unconditional support, where meets love, professionalism,

experience and personalization. In addition to offering diverse and innovative therapies

rehabilitation also pose a psychological, educational, social support and

the affected family.


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Parkinsons Disease

Parkinsons Disease - Disease or Parkinson sickness, also called paralysis agitans, is a neurodegenerative disorder chronic leading, eventually, to a progressive disability.
It affects both men and women, being the second neurodegenerative disorder most prevalent in Spain after Alzheimer's disease.
It usually appears from 60 years of age with a peak between 70 and 79 years incidence peak, although sometimes, in a 5-10% of cases, also it can be manifested at an early stage in ages below 40 years.
In 1997, the World Health Organization established on 11 April as World Parkinson's day, date of the birth of James Parkinson, British physician who first described the disease in 1817, in order to raise awareness about the problems with the people affected by it.

Parkinsons Disease

Causes of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease occurs as a result of the destruction of neurons in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia of the brain, brain area responsible for coordinating movements, muscle tone and posture.
The triggering causes may be multiple and are not yet fully known. Genetic factors, accelerated aging, or some environmental toxins could influence. Between 5-10% of patients with Parkinson's disease have a family history suggesting that genes involved there are.
As the underlying cause is the loss of a few specific neurons in the brain, treatment is mainly based on the administration of neurotransmitter that occur in these neurons, dopamine.

Main symptoms and Parkinsonism

Since the area of the brain affected is responsible for coordinating the movements and muscle tone, the most common symptoms are:

• Resting tremor. It is the most frequent. Decreases when the patient is engaged in some activity or during sleep.
• Slow movement (bradykinesia), especially in the movements of precision as fasten buttons or write, but over time becomes a widespread clumsiness.
• Muscle stiffness.
• Alteration of body posture and postural instability.
• Loss of balance, which increases the risk of falls.
• Gait alterations, especially to make turns.
• Facial blankness.
• Reduction of flicker.
• The bracing walking decreased.
• Not all symptoms occur in all patients, and the Association of two or more of these symptoms is called parkinsonism.
• As it is a progressive disorder symptoms gradually worsen over time. Also suffering from the disease, stress and anxiety, may aggravate them.

Other non-motor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease

• Reduction of the sense of smell.
• Difficulty swallowing saliva and drooling.
• Difficulty in defecation and constipation.
• Urinary incontinence.
• Psychological symptoms: anxiety, depression and low libido.
• Sleep disorders: insomnia or sleep fragmentation.
• Sensory symptoms: tingling or pain in a limb.

Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease

The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease clinical base is. There is no evidence of laboratory or radiological study allowing to diagnose the disease.
Complementary tests as analysis of blood, MRI or PET, are used to help rule out other processes since many of the symptoms of Parkinson's can be shared by other pathologies (hypothyroidism, hydrocephalus, cerebral vascular lesions or tumors).
The application of pharmacological therapy with Levodopa (the drug of choice in the treatment of Parkinson's disease), can confirm the disease in a few days if symptoms improve or are clearly corrected after its administration.

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Parkinsons Disease Symptoms - Symptoms Of Parkinsons Disease

Parkinsons Disease Symptoms - Parkinson's syndrome is a chronic and degenerative disease that affects one of the most important parts of the brain: which controls the motor system. Its symptoms begin to manifest itself with a progressive loss of the ability to coordinate movements and have some specific characteristics that we contemplate here in depth.

It affects one small percentage of the population over 65 years as of the 40-year-old population and if it is your case, or the close person, we want to learn today between all the symptoms of this disease and physical rehabilitation that can help strengthen the hardest muscles of those who suffer from it.

Parkinsons Disease Symptoms - Symptoms Of Parkinsons Disease

Symptoms of Parkinson's syndrome

• Tremor: normally begin in the hands. Increases in tense situations or at rest and usually disappear during sleep. It may affect only one side or part of the body.
• Stiffness or lack of muscular flexibility: muscles tighten and shrink causing weakness and inflexibility.
• Bradykinesia: loss of spontaneous or automatic movements. It involves the slowness in all actions.
• Instability of the position: Parkinson's patients may be affected by a tilt (forward or backward) stand that falling is easy. As a result the way walking worsens.
• Sleep disorders: are characteristic features of the syndrome of Parkinson's sleepiness and nightmares. (Usually these disorders are associated with the drugs, which are very powerful in these specific treatments).
• Akinesia: total immobility that appears in a sudden manner and which can last from one hour up to few minutes.
• Treatment of the syndrome of Parkinson & physical rehabilitation

In addition to pharmacological and surgical treatment (very specific in each case), one of the most important aspects of the treatment of Parkinson's disease is to maintain muscle tone and motor functions. It is therefore essential to daily physical activity.

There are certain exercises that help Parkinson's patients maintain the mobility of members and strengthen the muscles that are usually most affected. We learn some:

Exercises for hands: first, to move the wrists by drawing a circle in the air on one side and the other. Then, with elbows by pressing the abdomen and the palms of the hand laid up, open and close your hands.
Exercises for feet: first, rest the soles of the feet on the floor and lifting and lowering ends as quickly as possible. Act followed, with the plants also supported raise your heels and get them hitting the floor with all possible strength.
Exercises for the neck: first, seated and with your back straight and good general posture, move his head forward until it touches the chest and back. Then, turn your head to the right and the left. Perform 10 reps without any hurry, with much calm and feeling every muscle.
We invite you to discover our armchair with function model raises people, who no doubt will improve the quality of life in your home. In it you can rest, enjoy the pleasure of personalized and intensive massages, exercises that will help strengthen the muscles of your body and, above all, can relax the most and away the stress of your life.

Just think of what your body needs. We will take care of the rest.

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